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From beginner to expert, everything you need to understand peptides, protocols, and safe sourcing.

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Weight Loss

Liraglutide (Saxenda): The Daily GLP-1 That Came Before Wegovy

Liraglutide is Novo Nordisk's once-daily acylated GLP-1 analog. Here is the C16 albumin chemistry, the SCALE obesity data, the LEADER cardiovascular readout, STEP 8 versus weekly semaglutide, and why a catalog vial is not Saxenda.

Fitness

Ipamorelin vs MK-677: Same Ghrelin Receptor, Not the Same Molecule

MK-677 (ibutamoren) is Merck's oral small-molecule ghrelin mimetic. Ipamorelin is a five-residue peptide. Here is the chemistry, the Nass and Copinschi data, the hip-fracture CHF signal, and why neither is an FDA-approved GH drug.

Health

FOXO4-DRI: The Senolytic Peptide From a 2017 Cell Paper, Not a Longevity Drug

FOXO4-DRI is a D-retro-inverso peptide built to break FOXO4 and p53 binding in senescent cells. Here is the IMR90 biology, the mouse chemotoxicity and kidney data, the 2025 NMR follow-up, and why a catalog vial is not an approved senolytic.

Enthusiast

ARA-290 (Cibinetide): The EPO Helix B Peptide That Skips Red Cells

ARA-290 is an 11-amino-acid peptide modeled on erythropoietin helix B. Here is the EPOR and CD131 biology, the 2012 sarcoidosis pilot, the 2017 corneal-nerve phase 2b, and why a catalog vial is not an FDA-approved EPO drug.

Beginner

Collagen Peptides vs Research Peptides: Same Word, Not the Same Molecule

Collagen peptides in a tub are hydrolyzed protein fragments. BPC-157 is a 15-residue sequence from gastric juice. Here is the Gly-X-Y biology, the oral absorption data, and why a scoop is not a research vial.

Clinician

Vosoritide (Voxzogo): The CNP Analog for Achondroplasia, Not a GH Peptide

Vosoritide is a 39-amino-acid analog of C-type natriuretic peptide, sold as Voxzogo for achondroplasia with open growth plates. Here is the FGFR3 and NPR-B biology, the Lancet phase 3 growth-velocity data, and why a catalog CNP vial is not that product.

Educational only, not medical advice.This site is for informational purposes only. Nothing here is a prescription, dosing recommendation, or medical guidance. Always consult a licensed healthcare provider.